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Objective To explore the core targets and important pathways of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced atherosclerosis (AS) progression from the perspective of immune inflammation, so as to predict the potential prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods Microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and AS patients, and the "limmar" and "Venn" packages were used to screen out the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) genes in both diseases. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed on the common DEGs to annotate their functions and important pathways. The two gene sets were scored for immune cells and immune function to assess the level of immune cell infiltration. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database, and the CytoHubba plug-in of Cytoscape was used to identify the hub genes. Two external validation datasets were introduced to validate the hub genes and obtain the core genes. Immuno-infiltration analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed on the core genes respectively. Finally the potential TCM regulating the core genes were predicted by Coremine Medical database. Results A total of 7898 genes related to COVID-19, 471 genes related to AS progression;And 51 common DEGs, including 32 highly expressed genes and 19 low expressed genes were obtained. GO and KEGG analysis showed that common DEGs, which were mainly localized in cypermethrin-encapsulated vesicles, platelet alpha particles, phagocytic vesicle membranes and vesicles, were involved in many biological processes such as myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling pathway transduction, interleukin-8 (IL-8) production and positive regulation, IL-6 production and positive regulation to play a role in regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, Toll-like receptor binding and lipopeptide and glycosaminoglycan binding through many biological pathways, including Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, complement and coagulation cascade reactions. The results of immune infiltration analysis demonstrated the state of immune microenvironment of COVID-19 and AS. A total of 5 hub genes were obtained after screening, among which Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) and complement C1q subcomponent subunit B (C1QB) genes passed external validation as core genes. The core genes showed strong correlation with immune process and inflammatory response in both immune infiltration analysis and GSEA enrichment analysis. A total of 35 TCMs, including Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Taoren (Persicae Semen), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Pugongying (Taraxaci Herba), Taizishen (Pseudostellariae Radix), Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma), could be used as potential therapeutic agents. Conclusion TLR2, CD163 and C1QB were the core molecules of SARS-CoV-2-mediated immune inflammatory response promoting AS progression, and targeting predicted herbs were potential drugs to slow down AS progression in COVID-19 patients.Copyright © 2023 Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All rights reserved.
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Dayuanyin,a representative prescription for the treatment of dampness pathogen lodging in pleurodiaphragmatic interspace syndrome,was first recorded in Treatise on Pestilence(<<>>)by Wu Youke in the Ming Dynasty for dealing with pestilence,and it still plays an important role in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)differentiated into dampness stagnating in lung syndrome. The related original ancient records were retrieved from the Chinese Classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Version 5.0),Full-text Database of Ancient Chinese Medicine Books,and Ancient Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (http://www. gydc. ac. cn:81/),with 'Dayuanyin' and 'Dayuansan' as the search terms,followed by statistical analysis and textual research. The composition,dosage,processing of original medicinal materials,efficacy, indications, processing and administration methods, modern basic research, and clinical applications of Dayuanyin were summarized,so as to provide literature reference for its modern development and clinical application. The findings demonstrated that the composition in most medical records was identical with that of the original prescription,except that some records concerning Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Tsaoko Fructus differed. In terms of dosage,it did not change much,with the only difference observed in Tsaoko Fructus. The processing methods of medicinal materials in Dayuanyin were not specified in historical records,so the raw medicinal materials were recommended. The processing and administration methods in the original record were basically followed in the later generations,except that some medical records chose Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens as the guide and changed the decocting amount and administration time. In terms of efficacy and indications, Dayuanyin was originally developed for dispelling pathogenic Qi away from the pleurodiaphragmatic interspace, but later employed for the treatment of such diseases as 'pestilence','epidemic malaria',and 'seasonal epidemic'. It was mainly indicated to 'epidemic diseases' with latent pathogen in pleurodiaphragmatic interspace as the pathogenesis and fever as the manifestation. In modern clinical application,ancients physicians considered 'fever' and 'powder-like tongue coating' as the important signs for this prescription. Modern physicians have utilized Dayuanyin for treating fever,diseases in the digestive,respiratory,urinary,and endocrine systems,skin diseases,pediatric diseases,as well as epidemic diseases like influenza,severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS),and avian flu due to its good effects.Copyright © 2021, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica. All rights reserved.
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Dayuanyin,a representative prescription for the treatment of dampness pathogen lodging in pleurodiaphragmatic interspace syndrome,was first recorded in Treatise on Pestilence(<<>>)by Wu Youke in the Ming Dynasty for dealing with pestilence,and it still plays an important role in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)differentiated into dampness stagnating in lung syndrome. The related original ancient records were retrieved from the Chinese Classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Version 5.0),Full-text Database of Ancient Chinese Medicine Books,and Ancient Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (http://www. gydc. ac. cn:81/),with 'Dayuanyin' and 'Dayuansan' as the search terms,followed by statistical analysis and textual research. The composition,dosage,processing of original medicinal materials,efficacy, indications, processing and administration methods, modern basic research, and clinical applications of Dayuanyin were summarized,so as to provide literature reference for its modern development and clinical application. The findings demonstrated that the composition in most medical records was identical with that of the original prescription,except that some records concerning Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Tsaoko Fructus differed. In terms of dosage,it did not change much,with the only difference observed in Tsaoko Fructus. The processing methods of medicinal materials in Dayuanyin were not specified in historical records,so the raw medicinal materials were recommended. The processing and administration methods in the original record were basically followed in the later generations,except that some medical records chose Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens as the guide and changed the decocting amount and administration time. In terms of efficacy and indications, Dayuanyin was originally developed for dispelling pathogenic Qi away from the pleurodiaphragmatic interspace, but later employed for the treatment of such diseases as 'pestilence','epidemic malaria',and 'seasonal epidemic'. It was mainly indicated to 'epidemic diseases' with latent pathogen in pleurodiaphragmatic interspace as the pathogenesis and fever as the manifestation. In modern clinical application,ancients physicians considered 'fever' and 'powder-like tongue coating' as the important signs for this prescription. Modern physicians have utilized Dayuanyin for treating fever,diseases in the digestive,respiratory,urinary,and endocrine systems,skin diseases,pediatric diseases,as well as epidemic diseases like influenza,severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS),and avian flu due to its good effects.Copyright © 2021, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica. All rights reserved.
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SESSION TITLE: Studies on COVID-19 Infections Posters SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/18/2022 01:30 pm - 02:30 pm PURPOSE: Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are commonly reactivated in critically ill patients with severe infections. This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of reactivation of EBV and CMV and its impact on length of stay, need for ventilation, and Ichikado CT scores in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted comprising adult patients admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 infection from June 2021 to September 2021. Patients were divided into groups: virus-free, EBV-only, CMV-only, and EBV and CMV detected. Primary outcomes were length of stay, need for ventilation, and Ichikado CT score. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Games-Howell, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. RESULTS: 189 patients were included with a median age of 51 years [41 – 66], 80 (42.3%) were female and 109 (57.7%) were male. CD4(+) counts were lower in all viral reactivation groups. EBV-only (157 cell/µl [93 – 279.2] ), CMV-only (82.5 cell/µl [65.5 – 323.7] ), both viruses (62.5 cell/µl [47.5 – 135.5]) and virus-free (221 cell/µl [117 – 318]), (H(3) = 12.029, p = < 0.01). A significant increase in the Ichikado CT score was seen in the viral reactivation groups. EBV 186.5 [43.6], CMV 177.5 [41.6], both-viruses group 204 [50.3] vs. virus-free 161 [45.8],( H(3) = 15.770, p = < 0.01). There was an increase in days of hospitalization when comparing the virus-free and the viral reactivation groups. EBV (9 days [5.5-15.5]), CMV (17 days [3-33]), both viruses (23 days [8-31]) vs. virus-free (5 days [3.5-9]), (H(3) = 15.487, p = < 0.01). Regarding the need for assisted ventilation, there was no difference between groups. 7 (9.1%) patients in the virus-free group, 29 (29.9%) patients in the EBV group, 2 (33.3%) patients in the CMV group, and 2 (22.2%) patients in the both-viruses group needed mechanical ventilation (X2 (3, N=189) = 11.699, p= 0.08). Additionally, a statistically significant decrease in albumin levels on admission was found in the EBV-only patients compared to the virus-free group, (3.4 g/dL [0.44] vs 3.75 g/dL [0.46], F(3,185) = 5.483, p = < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Viral reactivation is associated with lower CD4(+) count, an increase in length of stay, and higher Ichikado CT scores. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: EVB and CMV reactivation is associated with low CD4(+) counts and longer hospital stay. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by David Akinwale No relevant relationships by Angelica Almaguer No relevant relationships by Sushen Bhalla No relevant relationships by Ailine Canete Cruz No relevant relationships by Ndiya Emeaba Speaker/Speaker's relationship with johnson and johnson Please note: approx year 2000 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Honoraria clinical research relationship with gilead Please note: since 1990 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Grant/Research clinical research relationship with ansun Please note: 2020 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Grant/Research Support clinical research relationship with regeneron Please note: 2020 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Grant/Research Support No relevant relationships by Jesus Salvador Gonzalez Lopez No relevant relationships by Najia Hussaini No relevant relationships by Claudia Ramirez No relevant relationships by Salim Surani No relevant relationships by Daryelle Varon No relevant relationships by Joseph Varon No relevant relationships by Mohamed Ziad
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SESSION TITLE: Biological Markers in Patients with COVID-19 Posters SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/18/2022 01:30 pm - 02:30 pm PURPOSE: Severe COVID19 patients present with low CD8(+) T cell counts. A reduced number of T-cells seems to be correlated with high serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels, and a marked inflammatory state. This study aimed to assess if low CD8(+) counts were associated with inflammation markers, length of stay, and Ichikado CT scores in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A retrospective study of adult patients admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 infection from June 2021 to September 2021. CD8(+) count was obtained, and patients were divided into less than 150 cells/μl and more than 150 cells/μl. Ferritin, c-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), troponin, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and d-Dimer values were also recorded. Primary outcomes were hospital length of stay (LOS), Ichikado CT score, and correlation of CD8(+) count and inflammatory markers. Descriptive statistics, and Mann-Whitney-U methods were utilized. RESULTS: 264 patients were included, median age was 50 years [41-61]. 143 (54.2%) patients were male. There was a statistically significant difference when assessing hospital LOS in patients with CD8(+) counts <150 cells/μl vs > 150 cells/μl (9 days [5-16] vs 5 days [4-9], U=(134, 84)=3742, z=-4.174, p<0.01). The Ichikado CT score was significantly different between groups (190 [150-220] vs [130-190], U=(128,80)=3394, z=-4.094, p<0.01). IL-6 and IL-10 values were higher in those patients with CD8(+) less than 150 μl, when compared to higher CD8(+) counts. IL-10 value was (23.8pg/ml [13.6-43.3] vs (6.6pg/ml [9.4-29.2]), U=(131,78)=3711.5, z=-3.305, p<0.01), and for IL-6 (23.8pg/ml [7.6-88.3] vs (11.9 [4.1-32.1]), U=(125,75)=3473.5, z=-3.064, P<0.01). Ferritin was increased in patients with CD8(+) counts lower than 150 cells/μl compared to more than 150 cells/μl (845.3ng/ml [381.6-1600] vs 480ng/ml [232.6-988.7], U=(133,83)=3939.5, z=-3.550, p=<0.01). Similarly, CRP (83mg/L [46.3-136.7] vs 60.2 mg/L [33.25-100.72], U=(134-82)=4208, z=-2.885, p=<0.01), d-Dimer (1.76mg/L [0.53-7] vs 0.64 mg/L [0.35-1.72], U= (134,84)=3635.5, z=-4.396, p<0.01), and LDH (555IU/L [361-849.2] vs 375.5IU/L [273.2-531.2], U=(122,72)=2740,z=-4.373,p<0.01). Troponin and ESR were not significantly different, median troponin (0.022ng/ml [0.011-0.039] vs 0.012ng/ml [0.007-0.032], U=(111,70)=3218, z=-1.944,P=0.052) and median ESR (78mm/hr [57.2-105] vs 76.5 mm/hr [55-108.7], U=(134,84)=5603, z=-0.055,P=0.95). CONCLUSIONS: CD8(+) counts below 150 cells/μl are associated with increased inflammatory markers, a longer hospital stay, and higher Ichikado CT scores. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: CD8(+) count below 150 cells/μl is other indicator of disease severity in COVID-19 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by David Akinwale No relevant relationships by Angelica Almaguer No relevant relationships by Sushen Bhalla No relevant relationships by Ailine Canete Cruz No relevant relationships by Ndiya Emeaba Speaker/Speaker's relationship with johnson and johnson Please note: approx year 2000 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Honoraria clinical research relationship with gilead Please note: since 1990 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Grant/Research clinical research relationship with ansun Please note: 2020 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Grant/Research Support clinical research relationship with regeneron Please note: 2020 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Grant/Research Support No relevant relationships by Jesus Salvador Gonzalez Lopez No relevant relationships by Najia Hussaini No relevant relationships by Claudia Ramirez No relevant relationships by Salim Surani No relevant relationships by Daryelle Varon No relevant relationships by Joseph Varon No relevant relationships by Mohamed Ziad
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SESSION TITLE: Biological Markers in Patients with COVID-19 Posters SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/18/2022 01:30 pm - 02:30 pm PURPOSE: Common markers of inflammation in COVID-19 include erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin. We aimed to find an association between creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) and other inflammatory markers and enzymes, and their effect on length of hospital stay, and the Ichikado CT scores. METHODS: Retrospective study of the data of 264 adult patients admitted to our hospital between June and September 2021, with COVID-19. Patients were divided into groups with CPK of greater or less than 200mg/dL. Each was assessed for its association with CRP, ESR, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), length of hospital stay, and Ichikado CT score. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney-U were used to address statistical significance. RESULTS: 264 patients were included, median age was 51.95 years [41-63]. 143(53.2%) were male. The median highest CRP value in patients with CPK of <200 mg/dL was (55 mg/L [24-96.4] vs 97.4 mg/L [50.1-139]) in those with CPK of >200 mg/dL, (U=(131,118) =5097, z=-4.638, p<0.01). The median highest ESR with CPK of <200 mg/dL was (72 mm/hr [51.0-102.5] vs 89 mm/hr [60-109]) in those with CPK of >200 mg/dL, (U= (133,119) =6862.5, z=-1.820, p=0.069). The median highest ferritin value in those with CPK of <200 mg/dL was (388.5 ng/mL [187.1-804.4] vs 1046 ng/mL [462.1-1600]) in those with CPK of >200 mg/dL, (U=(132,118) =4156.5, z=6.3985, p<0.01). The median highest phosphate level in patients with CPK of <200 mg/dL was (3.6 mg/dL [3.3-4.2] vs 3.8 mg/dL [3.4-5.2]) in those with CPK of >200 mg/dL,(U=(133,119) =6487.5, z=-2.471, p=0.013). The median highest LDH level in patients with CPK of <200 mg/dL was (352 IU/L [271.5-459] vs 673.5 IU/L[411.7-980.2]) in those with CPK of >200 mg/dL, (U=(113,106) = 2201, z =-8.084, p<0.01). The median highest Ichikado CT score in patients with CPK of <200 mg/dL was (150[130-190] vs 190[140-222.5]) in those with CPK of >200 mg/dL,(U= (142,209) =5188, z=-4.482, p<0.01). The length of hospital stay in patients with CPK of<200 mg/dL was (5 days [3-8] vs 9 days [5-17]) in those with CPK of >200 mg/dL, (U=(144,120) = 5533, z =-5.049, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: CPK has a statistically significant association with CRP and ferritin levels but not ESR. Imaging disease severity at presentation (Ichikado CT score) was associated with higher CPK levels. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: CPK is another marker of disease severity in COVID-19. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by David Akinwale No relevant relationships by Angelica Almaguer No relevant relationships by Sushen Bhalla No relevant relationships by Ailine Canete Cruz No relevant relationships by Ndiya Emeaba Speaker/Speaker's relationship with johnson and johnson Please note: approx year 2000 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Honoraria clinical research relationship with gilead Please note: since 1990 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Grant/Research clinical research relationship with ansun Please note: 2020 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Grant/Research Support clinical research relationship with regeneron Please note: 2020 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Grant/Research Support No relevant relationships by Jesus Salvador Gonzalez Lopez No relevant relationships by Najia Hussaini No relevant relationships by Claudia Ramirez No relevant relationships by Salim Surani No relevant relationships by Joseph Varon No relevant relationships by Daryelle Varon No relevant relationships by Mohamed Ziad
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SESSION TITLE: Biological Markers in Patients with COVID-19 Posters SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/18/2022 01:30 pm - 02:30 pm PURPOSE: A significant reduction of CD4(+) cells and marked inflammatory activity in moderate and severe COVID-19 cases are seen, both associated with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to assess the association of low CD4(+) counts with inflammatory markers, length of stay, and ICKIKADO scores in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A retrospective study of adult patients admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 infection from June 2021 to September 2021. CD4(+) count was obtained and patients were divided into two categories: less than 200 cells/μl and more than 200 cells/μl. Ferritin, c-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), troponin, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and d-Dimer values were also recorded. Primary outcomes were hospital length of stay (LOS), Ichikado CT scores, and correlation of CD4(+) count and inflammatory markers. Descriptive statistics, and Mann-Whitney-U methods were used. RESULTS: 264 patients were included, median age was 50 years [41-61]. 143(54.2%) were male. There was a statistically significant difference in LOS for patients with CD4(+) counts <200 cells/μl vs > 200 cells/μl CD4(+) (9 days [5-18]vs 6 days [4-9]), U=(111,107)=4330, z=-3.466, p <0.01). The Ichikado CT score was significantly different between groups (190[150-220]vs 160[128.7-192.5], U=(106,102)=3706.5, z=-3.923, p<0.01). IL-10 values and IL-6 values were higher in those patients with CD4(+) less than 200 cells/μl, as compared to higher CD4(+) counts. median IL-10 was (25.2 pg/ml [17-72.45 ] vs 15.7 pg/ml [9.4-26.8 ], U=(109,100)=3463, z=-4.550, p<0.01), and median IL-6 was (23 pg/ml [10.5-99] vs 12 pg/ml [3.77-39], U=(104, 96)=3444.5, z=-3.785, p<0.01). Ferritin was increased in patients with CD4(+) counts lower than 200 cells/μl when compared to counts more than 200 cells/μl (850.2 ng/mL [373.3-1600] vs 541.5 ng/mL [245.1-1034.6], U=(110,106) =4543.5, z=-2.813, p=<0.01). CRP had a similar pattern (82 mg/L[49.5-138.2] vs 60.8 mg/L[30-114.2]), U=(111,105)=4478, z=-2.940, p=<0.01), d-Dimer (2.2 mg/L[0.55-7.14] vs 0.7mg/L[0.37-1.75], U=(111,107)=3992.5, z=-4.180, p<0.01), LDH (630 IU/L[371-888] vs 381 IU/L[276-520.2], U=(102,92)=2631.5,z=-5.227, p<0.01) and troponin (0.024 ng/mL[0.012-0.048] vs 0.012 ng/mL[0.007-0.027], U=(91,90)=2925, z=-3.321,P<0.01). The only inflammatory marker that was not statistically significant different was ESR (86 mm/hr[60-110] vs 72 mm/hr[50-100], U(111-107)=5113, z=-1.773,P=0.076). CONCLUSIONS: CD4(+) counts below 200 cells/μl are associated with increased inflammatory markers, a longer hospital stay, and higher Ichikado CT scores. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: CD4(+) count below 200 cells/μl is other indicator of disease severity in COVID-19 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by David Akinwale No relevant relationships by Angelica Almaguer No relevant relationships by Sushen Bhalla No relevant relationships by Ailine Canete Cruz No relevant relationships by Ndiya Emeaba Speaker/Speaker's relationship with johnson and johnson Please note: approx year 2000 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Honoraria clinical research relationship with gilead Please note: since 1990 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Grant/Research clinical research relationship with ansun Please note: 2020 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Grant/Research Support clinical research relationship with regeneron Please note: 2020 Added 03/31/2022 by Joseph Gathe, value=Grant/Research Support No relevant relationships by Jesus Salvador Gonzalez Lopez No relevant relationships by Najia Hussaini No relevant relationships by Claudia Ramirez No relevant relationships by Salim Surani No relevant relationships by Daryelle Varon No relevant relationships by Joseph Varon No relevant relationships by Mohamed Ziad
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Vaccination is a successful tool against influenza. However, antigenic drift of the virus requires an annual update of the vaccine. A universal vaccine approach which can elicit immune responses reactive to ideally all seasonal as well as zoonotic influenza strains is urgently needed. To explore this we used a flexible DNA vaccine platform, increasing immunogenicity by targeting dimeric vaccine molecules to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We hypothesize that when including multiple antigen variants from different influenza strains in one heterodimeric APC-targeted mix DNA vaccine, antibody responses can be focused on conserved epitopes which are shared between the different variants. Neuraminidase (NA) is the second most abundant surface protein on the influenza virus after hemagglutinin and has been established as an independent correlate of protection. We have previously shown that an APC-targeted DNA vaccine with NA induced highly protective antibody responses. NA is divided into 9 different subtypes (N1-N9), and two NA-like antigens in bats (N10 and N11). Here, we created a NA mix vaccine which successfully expressed heterodimeric vaccine molecules with 8 different NA variants (N2-N9) that were targeted to MHC class II on APCs. Upon intramuscular DNA immunization and electroporation in mice, the NA mix vaccine induced cross-reactive antibody responses towards N1, which was not included in the vaccine. The NA mix approach has the potential to fill knowledge gaps about NA immunity and would be a great advancement in universal vaccine design for influenza as well as for other emerging and rapidly changing viruses. WS5.4 ;SARS-CoV- 2- specific T cell responses to COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccination in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients Lisa Blixt1,2;David Wullimann2;Soo Aleman1,2;Jeanette Lundin1,2;Puran Chen2;Yu Gao2;Angelica Cuapio2;Mira Akber2;Joshua Lange2;Olga Rivera-Ballesteros2;Marcus Buggert2;Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren2;Anders Hansson;Lotta1,2;Österborg1,2 1Karolinska University Hospital;Stockholm, Sweden;2Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Immunocompromised patients have an increased risk for severe disease and mortality from viral infection. Importantly, disease and treatment reduce humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccination, which offer the best protection from severe COVID-19 disease during the ongoing pandemic. We recently reported from a prospective clinical trial that BNT162b2 vaccination in different immunodeficient groups had significantly lower SARS-CoV- 2- specific antibody titers compared to healthy controls. The seroconversion rate observed was 63% in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients, with a negative impact of ibrutinib treatment. Whether T cells in the absence of sufficient levels of SARS-CoV- 2- specific antibody titers can confer immunity after BNT162b2 vaccination remains unclear. We measured reactive SARS-CoV- 2- specific T cell responses in uninfected (naive) and previously infected CLL patients following BNT162b2 vaccination. Out of 52 naive CLL patients, 12 (29%) had a specific IFN-γ T cell response compared to 24/41 (59%) in controls after two doses. In previously infected CLL patients, mainly spike-specific CD8 T cells expanded after the third dose, at which 11/12 (92%) had detectable responses, and all 12 (100%) had spike-specific CD4 T cell responses. Relative to the Wuhan reference strain (wild-type) variant, the median reduction of antigen-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells to the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant were 51% and 13%, respectively. Collectively, these data indicate that CLL patients respond with T-cells specific to SARS-CoV- 2 spike protein after BNT162b2 vaccination or infection. The increased T-cell response rate after the third dose and ability to recognize the Omicron variant of concern demonstrates the importance of a booster dose in this patient group.
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Objective: To explore the network regulation mechanism of Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid(HXZQ) in the treatment of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).
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As cardiovascular diseases are still a major cause of death in most countries, it is still relevant to look into treatment of such diseases. Dyslipidemia is one of the important identified risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. As this is largely driven by lifestyle and diet, it may be difficult to control it with lifestyle modifications alone. Currently, Statins remains to be the mainstay therapy for dyslipidemia but this is also met by problems within certain patient population. The drug may be contraindicated in certain patient groups;some patients tend to not respond to Statins;while certain patients may not tolerate the adverse events. This study looked into available literature on studies done on dyslipidemia using plant-based formulations using randomized clinical trial. Based on the review conducted, there are several plant-based formations with potential to be similar in efficacy to Statins. Some of the plants used are abundant or may be easily sourced. With the increasing popularity of food supplements or nutraceuticals, exploration on the potential of plant-based products is attractive. Despite the promising results of some studies, these will need further investigations and targeting a larger population size. Formulation options may need to be explored also focused on its stability. © RJPT All right reserved.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The new coronavirus, which causes the infectious disease named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), was notified in 2020 in China. The main clinical manifestations in infected patients are fever, cough and dyspnoea. These patients are prone to developing cardiac changes, diffuse myopathy, decreased pulmonary function, decreased inspiratory muscle strength, and a deterioration in functional capacity. Thus, it is expected that patients affected by COVID-19 will suffer musculoskeletal consequences as a result of the inflammatory process and loss of muscle mass caused by immobility, generating motor incapacities that are not yet quantifiable. It is important to understand the clinical implications caused by COVID-19, in order to have better rehabilitation strategies for these patients. The aim of this study was to conduct a reflective analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the immune, neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems, and its rehabilitation process. This is a reflexive analysis, developed in the Laboratory for the Study of Movement of the Institute of Orthopaedics' and Traumatology, at the Universidade de São Paulo School of Medicine, SP, Brazil. In this analysis, we reflect on the following topics related to COVID-19: immunological mechanisms, impact on the neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems, and the rehabilitation of patients. Level of evidence V;Opinion of the specialist. RESUMO O novo coronavírus, que causa a doença infecciosa denominada COVID-19 pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, foi notificado em dezembro, na China. As principais manifestações clínicas dos pacientes infectados são febre, tosse e dispneia. Esses pacientes têm propensão a desenvolver alterações cardíacas, miopatia difusa, diminuição da função pulmonar, diminuição da força muscular inspiratória e deterioração da capacidade funcional. Assim sendo, é esperado que os pacientes afetados pela COVID-19 sofram sequelas musculoesqueléticas em decorrência do processo inflamatório e perda de massa muscular causada pela imobilidade, que geram incapacidades motoras ainda não quantificáveis. Existe a necessidade de entender as implicações clínicas causadas pela COVID-19 para elaborar melhores estratégias de reabilitação para esses pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise reflexiva no que tange ao impacto da COVID-19 nos sistemas imunológico, neuromuscular e musculoesquelético e no processo de reabilitação. Trata-se de uma análise reflexiva, desenvolvida no Laboratório do Estudo do Movimento do Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Nesta análise, fizemos uma reflexão sobre os seguintes tópicos relacionados com a COVID-19: mecanismos imunológicos, impacto no sistemas neuromuscular e musculoesquelético e reabilitação dos pacientes. Nível de evidência V;Opinião do especialista. RESUMEN El nuevo coronavirus, que causa la enfermedad infecciosa llamada COVID-19 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, fue notificado en diciembre en China. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas de los pacientes infectados son fiebre, tos y disnea. Esos pacientes son propensos a desarrollar cambios cardíacos, miopatía difusa, disminución de la función pulmonar, disminución de la fuerza muscular inspiratoria y deterioro de la capacidad funcional. Por lo tanto, se espera que los pacientes afectados por COVID-19 sufran secuelas musculoesqueléticas debido al proceso inflamatorio y pérdida de masa muscular causada por la inmovilidad, que generan discapacidades motoras aún no son cuantificables. Es necesario comprender las implicaciones clínicas causadas por COVID-19 para elaborar mejores estrategias de rehabilitación para estos pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis reflexivo sobre el impacto de COVID-19, en los sistemas inmunitario, neuromuscular y musculoesquelético y en el proceso de rehabilitación. Es un análisis reflexivo, desarrollado en el Laboratorio del Estudio de Movimiento del Instituto de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de São Paulo, SP. En este análisis, reflexionamos sobre los siguientes temas relacionados con COVID-19: mecanismos inmunológicos, impacto en los sistemas neuromuscular y musculoesquelético y la rehabilitación de los pacientes. Nivel de evidencia V;Opinión de expertos.